Common U.S. Essay Topics to Choose For Your Academic Writing Assignment

Common U.S. Essay Topics to Choose For Your Academic Writing AssignmentChoosing the right academic subjects to submit for your college writing assignment can be very challenging and a lot of students think that they need to write something very well rounded to get a good grade. After all, the goal is to get an A on the paper, right? Well, you might be surprised to find out that there are quite a few different academic subjects that you could submit for your academic writing assignment.Common U.S. essay topics for many students will include English, history, and American politics. These are some of the most popular subjects to write about. However, many students think that these are some of the easier subjects to write about because they aren't as demanding and are more familiar with the subject matter.Writing a foreign language or a topic on a famous historical figure can be very challenging. You'll be asked to write about how the person has impacted or influenced the society or the world at large, as well as how his/her ideas and opinions have shaped the course of events. It is often difficult to create a cohesive argument and to tell a good story when you are not an expert in the subject.Another educational essay subjects that you might want to consider for your academic writing assignment would be Economics, Psychology, and Geography. All of these subjects can get your academic writing assignment turned into a full-length paper if you choose them wisely. In addition, these subjects are often considered the easiest subjects to write about, especially in comparison to subjects such as English. However, if you are interested in writing a master's thesis or a big, interesting research paper, economics may not be the best subject to choose.The last set of subjects that I will mention include History, Sociology, and Psychology. These subjects are considered popular for almost any student who decides to write a paper, although they are the hardest subjects to write about. History, especially, is considered one of the most difficult subjects to write about as there are many historical figures that we cannot directly talk about like Einstein, or Mother Teresa.Many students believe that writing an academic paper is a very important part of their college experience, but it is also a long and grueling process. To make sure that you get your academic writing assignment completed, you should make sure that you choose the best subjects for your writing assignment. Use common sense when choosing subjects that you know very little about, because you don't want to find yourself getting stuck on the wrong subject and unable to proceed with your project.In order to make sure that you succeed on your writing assignment, you should try to find a subject that interests you, and that you are very passionate about. This can help you to ensure that you are able to fully write your paper without any trouble.

Savagery In Lord Of The Flies - 1385 Words

The human brain consists of different types of compulsion which is broken down in two parts, to follow the rules or to rebel against them. The act of our civilization is controlled by the laws and rules that we follow, where the act of our savagery is conducted by our selfish attitude. Humans tend to live either by laws of a society by the way they feel what is the right way to live. William Golding writes a creative and captivating novel, Lord of the Flies, where the inevitable truth about human nature is brought to full focus. He paints a vivid portrait of a group of British schoolboys who are isolated on an uninhabited tropical island after their plane shot down during World War II. Throughout the novel, several situations were brought†¦show more content†¦A human s reaction is to get rid of their fear, where in this situation the hunters had to get rid of the beast, meaning killing Simon. In addition, Piggy is a character who symbolizes intelligence and level-headedness throughout the book. Consequently, Roger displays his rebellious and violent nature by killing Piggy. When him and Ralph approaches Jack s tribe and attempting to make peace the author reveals, â€Å"The rock struck piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into thousand white fragments and cease to exist. Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, travelled through the air sideways from the rock, turning over as he went.†(Golding 200). Perhaps if Roger had a voice of authority there to remind him that although he really acted impulsively he would have not killed Piggy. The shows, when there are no rules or laws enforced in a society humans can act out in a savage and violent manner. Every society needs to have rules, however when methods that enforce order and society are given up on, savagery and disaster become widespread. One of the symbols that represent it civilization and order was discovered by Ralph and Piggy. â€Å"I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he s speaking.† (Golding 31). The conch is a big symbol of power, civilization andShow MoreRelatedSavagery In Lord Of The Flies1461 Words   |  6 PagesSavagery is exceptionally presented throughout Lord of the Flies written by William Golding. Savagery invites fear into a person’s life, making it difficult to navigate on a normal basis, fear controls the actions of the boys in dramatic ways throughout the novel. The three points in this essay that will be discussed will be the de-evolution of the boys as the novel progresses, the adult presence on the island and the effects that ensue afterwards and how different Jack’s tribe and Ralph’s tribeRead MoreSavagery In Lord Of The Flies1604 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain one of the main themes throughout the novel Lord of the Flies. For one to be uncivilized is to be barbaric and inhuman, without having a sense of culture and social development. When innocence or civilization is lost, levels of economic, social, technological, political, and cultural evolution differentiates from that of the normal, because ideas, values, institutions, and achievements of a particular society is changed. The boys in Lord of the Flies find themselves in a situation where their onlyRead MoreSavagery In Lord Of The Flies1581 Words   |  7 Pages The struggle between humanity and savagery portrayed through the events of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies demonstrates how simple it is for one to succumb to the mannerisms of depravity. This is impossible with the implementation of structure and order, as such concepts provide boundaries and keep man sane and behaved. Once the boys arrive on the island, isolated and expelled from society, they look to a shell to relieve them of this hardship, and to institute a form of government that willRead MoreSavagery In Lord Of The Flies2060 Words   |  9 Pagesbeliefs, is endowed with the capacity for savagery As a way to cope and persevere, one acquires the ability to become savage when put into a world loaded with predicaments of dominance and authority. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the author delineates the theme of savagery through the actions and thoughts of the boys on the island. Golding meticulously demonstrates the elements in the novel that have a sub stantial significance on the boys’ act of savagery such as the moments when the boys provokeRead More Lord of the Flies - Savagery Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies - Savagery â€Å"There are too many people, and too few human beings.† (Robert Zend) Even though there are many people on this planet, there are very few civilized people. Most of them are naturally savaged. In the book, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, boys are stranded on an island far away, with no connections to the adult world. These children, having no rules, or civilization, have their true nature exposed. Not surprisingly, these children’s nature happens to be savageryRead MoreSavagery In Lord Of The Flies Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesJulian Viney Mrs. Jenkins English 10 December 15, 2017 Island of the Savages In William Golding’s novel The Lord of the Flies, the reader is exposed to an island of boys and what happens to them slowly over the course of the book. There is a theme of the constant power struggle between the boys civilization and their inner savagery. This is shown through the boys as their time on the island grows greater and greater, especially through an individual named Jack Merridew. When the boys firstRead MoreSavagery In Lord Of The Flies Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Ralph and Jack’s descent into savagery In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Ralph and Jack’s power struggle is observed throughout the book. Ralph’s democratic leadership sharply contrasts Jack’s tyrannical and uncivilized rule. Ralph is stripped of everything and the line between him and Jack is blurred near the end because he gives in to savagery. Though all men will ultimately revert back to animalistic instinct and savagery in the absence of civilization, Ralph only succumbs to thisRead MoreLord Of The Flies Inner Savagery Analysis1043 Words   |  5 PagesMickey Henesy Ms. Tantlinger Honors English 10 2 January 2018 How Inner Savagery Is Revealed When Power Is Priority Lord of the Flies by William Golding is an allegory in regards to the generalization that when man wants power, man loses empathy. When empathy is lost, humanity is also lost and hopes for civilization vanish. Jack’s hunt for power and his willingness to take control any way he can shows the lack of humanity within him. Roger starts off as an innocent boy, but when no consequencesRead MoreSavagery vs. Instincts in Lord of the Flies1117 Words   |  5 PagesSavagery vs. Instincts in Lord of the Flies The Seed of Evil This is an island. At least I think its an island. Thats a reef out in the sea. Perhaps there arent any grownups anywhere (Ralph, Chapter 1). Stranded on an island, facing a crisis that resulted from one of humanity’s many wars, the boys become a model that represents humanity itself. They organize to help one another cope with this strange experience. A tiny system of government is formed, and the boys are somehow empoweredRead MoreLord of the Flies - Civilization vs Savagery2896 Words   |  12 PagesWilliam Golding’s experience in World War II had an overwhelming effect on his view of humanity and the evils of which it was capable. After the war, Golding resumed teaching and wrote his first novel, Lord of the Flies. Lord Of The Flies tells us the story of a handful of young schoolboys who had been marooned on an island as the plane that they were travelling, on to escape the war was shot down. The only survivors were the passengers, British schoolchildren between the ages of six and thirteen

The Future Of Cloning Essay - 1542 Words

The Future Of Cloning On July 5, 1996, a sheep named Dolly was born, having been cloned from an adult sheep cell. This event brought with it a swirl of controversy regarding the implications of cloning. Just days after the event, Bill Clinton banned all federal funding for human cloning research in order to analyze the legal and ethical ramifications of human cloning. Cloning of both humans and animals has amazing potential in research and medicine, but there are drawbacks. There are many ethical, philosophical, and religious objections to cloning, especially the cloning of humans. In this paper I hope to convince you that both human and animal cloning are veins of research that are worth pursuing and that only some divisions of human†¦show more content†¦These proteins, when absent from humans, can cause diseases like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema (Time.com n. pag.). Harvesting those proteins in domesticated animals would make the proteins more available to the public and significan tly less expensive. As inhabitants of Earth we have responsibilities, some of which we have failed to live up to. Perhaps the most devastating example of human impact on Earth is the ongoing endangerment and extinction of entire species of animals and plants. Creatures that lived in harmony with nature, but could not adapt to the new environments imposed by human development and expansion. These were not species selected by nature, they were driven by humans to or near extinction. As inhabitants of Earth, and the instigators of the injustice, we have a responsibility to do all in our power to save the animals and plants still on the endangered species list. Cloning could give us the capability to rescue those species. The success rate of cloning is very low, but with more development and research scientists should be able to clone some plants and animals off the endangered species list. There has even been talk of bringing back species already gone extinct, but the female of one species wont usually giv e birth to an animal of a different species (New Scientist n.pag.). Human cloning is much more controversial than animal cloning. It isShow MoreRelatedCloning : The Future Of Medicine And The Curing Of Diseases1427 Words   |  6 PagesCloning By: Joshua Weidner Cloning: is it the future of medicine and the curing of diseases or is it the beginning of an unholy tragedy? Cloning needs to be looked into for the fact it could help save many people s lives. Before I decided to study the subject I had no idea how much cloning could help us as the human race. Cloning is a very promising field of study and could hold the key to the future of what it means to be human. Almost everyone has come to believe that the first animal to beRead MoreThe Debate of Human Cloning Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe journey that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with humanRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1109 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Cloning? Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals canRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1106 Words   |  5 PagesCloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals can be cloned to saveRead MoreCloning712 Words   |  3 PagesCloning 1. What should Dr. Smith do? I think that with such minimal overall research done in the entire cloning industry and no research done with a human being the variable, it is not a wise decision for Dr. Smith to proceed with cloning the body cell of Lucy. Although I don’t think that any further damage (besides death) could happen to Lucy, if something terrible happens or if the procedure does go well and then Lucy becomes ill or something else goes wrong with the cloning in the longRead MoreThe Science Of The Human Race909 Words   |  4 Pagesshould soon advance the biology of the human race. Ever since the cloning of the first animal, a sheep named Dolly in the year 1996 the world has been afraid that animal cloning is only the beginning for they felt man was playing god. As for human cloning the public knew it would follow soon after. In this time of panic Gretchen Vogel, a journalist notes, that suddenly the public’s fears came true. In the year 1997 before any cloning laws were set a physicist, â€Å"Richard Seed, made a widely publicizedRead More Against Cloning Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesAgainst Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As soon as you mention the word cloning, you are most likely to ignite a debate. This is because people are greatly divided on whether its good or bad. A way to reach a conclusion is to look at cloning from ethical, risk, and religious perspectives. The reality is, cloning is unethical, very risky, and irreligious. The arguments I will make will hopefully convince you that cloning is not good for the future. Cloning is very unethical. It would be violating the humanRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesin the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in cloning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditions. Cloning is becomingRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproducti ve cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Cloning1265 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is the process of making copies of individuals that occur in nature such as bacteria, insects, plants, invertebrates or vertebrates. The copy is called clones. Clones are genetically identical to their original parent. Development of cloned animals, which have been genetically engineered to produce valuable proteins in their milk. These have uses in medicine, cloning can also save animals from extinction. Cloning would open doors to even more powerful technologies of human genetic information

Organisational Behaviour Group Report and Presentation

Question: a. Understand the contemporary theories and concepts in organisational behaviour, b. Understand human behaviour at the work place and the importance of evidence based approach to management and organisational behaviour, c. Develop personal and interpersonal skills and knowledge to effectively manage oneself and others in an organisational context, d. Understand the importance of team work and how to develop effective teams, e. Identify organisational problems and apply OB theories to resolve them. Answer: Introduction In this assignment, recommendations are described related to the organizational behavior of PC Solutions as per the view of the consultancy management personnel that are hired by the founder of PC Solutions. In addition, the existing situation of PC Solutions is briefly described in this assignment for understanding the existing issues that are related to the organizational behavior. Therefore, few issues are highlighted as well as recommendations for resolving that particular issues are included in this assignment for enhancing the ways of mitigation. Moreover, strengths as well as the weaknesses of this organization are also evaluated in this assignment for understanding the scope of the future improvements. Henceforth, recommendations related to minimizing the weakness are included in this assignment. In addition, the necessity of the change of the cultural aspect is highlighted along with the resistant sources in this study. Additionally, recommendation related to the Leadership Role is also included in this assignment for increasing the significant aspects such as increasing the satisfaction of the customers. Reviewing the Existing Situations of PC Solutions In 2007, PC Solutions was founded by Frank Wallace, who was an Information Technology (IT) professional (Von Krogh, Nonaka and Rechsteiner 2012). Primarily, PC Solutions was a sales organization that was engaged in selling of the desktop computers to the home users. Nevertheless, PC Solutions increased their organizational growth with near about 75 employees as well as divided the entire organization into four departments that are, Software development, Administration, Customer services as well as sales (Anderson, Poto nik and Zhou 2014). It is necessary to mention that, the sales department is maintained by Scott Punter along with near about 25 sales employees as well as near around five administrative support employees as opined by Cresswell and Sheikh (2013). On the other hand, the customer service department is maintained by Louise Machin along with near about 25 employees by divided into three teams that are Hardware Support, Training, Networking and Software Support. Additionally, the administration department is under Sylvia Chia, who is the manager of the Finance and Administration Manager. Finally, the Software development department is maintained by Ted Keating (Pinder 2014). However, the founder of PC Software Frank Wallace identified that, the proper needs of the customers were not meeting appropriately related to the software development needs as stated by Fugate, Prussia and Kinicki (2012). On the other hand, after merging the software development department into PC Solutions, Frank Wallace again identified that, the customer satisfaction is decreasing whether the organizational growth was increasing in these days. It is identified that, the employees of PC Solutions are able to take a sufficient amount of salary to their home as well as the departments are also doing their best for increasing the performances. Nevertheless, few significant errors or miscommunication related to the organizational behavior is taking place within the entire organization that is able to create barriers for the satisfaction of the customers (Greenberg 2013). The departments are managed by various highly educated and experienced personnel for completing the entire task properly in a cohesive manner. In addition, various significant designations are there within the departments as per the skills, knowledge as well as experience as opined by Wagner III and Hollenbeck (2014). It is necessary to mention that, the employment of PC Solutions is done under the observations of the department head officers; nevertheless, the customer satisfaction is decreasing as noticed by the founder of PC Solutions (Kolb 2014). Recommending Changes for mitigating the existing issues Reaching the milestone or achieving the designated target is a highly important need for any organization; nevertheless, mitigating the organizational issues is also another highly significant determinant that must have to be satisfied for engaging the customers as well as increasing the growth of the organization as commented by Cummings and Worley (2014). Therefore, successful changes are able to involve the existing employees of the organizations for enhancing the capacity for adapting the tasks or jobs efficiently as well as effectively. Planning: As commented by Khan, Asghar and Zaheer (2014), developing the aims and objectives is not the primary task for reaching the proper target or destination for any organization, it is highly necessary to develop proper planning for reaching the designated targets. As the recommendation, it can be said that, PC Solutions has to develop appropriate planning department wise for satisfying as well as engaging the customers. On the other hand, planned job roles have to give to those employees who are able to maintain proper activities for completing the tasks successfully for increasing the organizational growth. It is necessary to mention that, planning has to be developing by identifying what is to be achieved as well as what is the future scope by determining the existing organizational situation. Clear Vision: The change vision must also align with and be seen to align with the organizations and the governments overall vision and mission, with the desired culture and values of the change reflecting the vision and mission statements as commented by Safi et al. (2016). Henceforth, it can be recommended that, articulating a direction and desired behaviors as well as values set up a sense of the ideal culture the organization is striving to achieve with the change. On the other hand, a vision that is misaligned will bring about early resistance and a lack of support for resources and change. Assessing Cultural Landscape: As stated by Renko et al. (2015), most of the organizations make the mistake related to assessing the cultural aspect. As the recommendation, it can be recommended that, PC Solution must have to diagnose the cultural influences that can be highly efficient for increasing the loyalty as well as rectifying the employees mentality. It is necessary to mention that, the cultural aspect related diagnosis is able to evaluate the behavior, attitudes, core values of the employees as well as it is also helpful in improvising the existing cultural situation of any business organization as opined by Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez (2012). Miscommunication and Lack of Trust: As commented by Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer (2013), miscommunication as well as the lack of trust are a highly negative factor that is able to hinder the entire communication system as well creating barriers between the employees of any organization. Henceforth, it can be recommended that, the management of the PC Solutions has to take further improvisation ways for mitigating the miscommunication within the workplace. On the other hand, arranging various cultural events or collaborative job roles also able to helping in increasing the trust between the employees, between employees and managers. Strengths and Weaknesses of PC Solutions The strengths and the weaknesses of the PC Solutions are mentioned in a tabular form below: Strengths Weaknesses PC Solutions has monopoly in the Australian Information Technology (IT) market. PC Solutions has efficient numbers of employees. Various departments are divided into the designated job roles. Highly Educated personnel are managing the departments of PC Solutions. The online delivery system is also available on the official website of PC Solutions. Efficient and effective home delivery system is also available for the home users. PC Solutions is concentrated on the better quality products as well as their provided services. Enough advanced technological equipment and tools for software developing. Employment is taking by the efficient employees under observations of the managers. PC Solutions is increasing their organizational growth. Various employees are from various cultures as well as have different knowledge in different subjects. Most of the employees have all the religion aspect of the Oceania region. Suitable employees are able to communicate with the same religious customers. Customer satisfaction is decreasing. The waiting time span is high according to the customers. No mention about the delivery time in the official website of PC Solutions. Miscommunication and lack of trust are creating hindrances within the workplace. The rate of employment is decreasing. Communication with the customers is not done in a suitable manner. Require Human Resource (HR) managers. Offering discounts to the customers is in very low rate. Need skilled and experienced employees in the software development department. The training topics are not meeting is not sufficient for reaching proper goals. Need more skilled and experienced trainers for providing training to the employees who work in the customer service department. Need more skilled and experienced hardware support technicians for providing better service quality to the customers. The collision of the religious aspect between the employees. Customer services employees don't have a real chance to communicate with the same religious customers. Organizing of religious holidays is tough due to various religious aspects of the employees Table 1: Strengths and Weaknesses of PC Solutions (Source: As created by the Author) Cultural Aspects that need to Change of PC Solutions It is identified that, the cultural aspects are hindering the organizational ways for satisfying the customers of PC Solutions. It is necessary to mention that, all the cultures are inherited as well as predisposed for changing to resist the changes within the organization as opined by Daft (2012). Henceforth, the dynamic procedures for changing the cultures are able to encourage the employees with implementing innovative ideas. As a recommendation, it can be recommended to PC Solutions for changing the cultural aspects that are highly needed for increasing the customers satisfaction. Communicate with the society: As commented by Dunn, Dastoor and Sims (2012), few significant procedures are there that are able to lead the changes for communicating the organization with the societies that are: Diffusion, Transculturation, and Acculturation. It is necessary to mention that, diffusion is the procedure for moving the innovative ideas from one culture to another. At the time while diffusion occurs the form of the trait is able to move from one society to another. As the various culture of the employees are there in PC Solutions; hence, the employees have to understand all the cultural aspect that are important to the other employees. Apart from that, the employees have to understand the cultural mentalities of the customers as well as provide them a better quality of services as per their need as well as perspectives. On the other hand, acculturation means what happened while an entire organizational culture facing alien traits diffuse in on a high scale as well as substantially replacing the existing cultural pattern as opined by Patiar and Wang (2016). Therefore, the employees of PC Solutions have to get ready for facing the new employees who are from the different culture. It is necessary to keep all the cultural aspects in same priority for avoiding the collision between the employees of PC Solutions. Moreover, transculturation is highly necessity aspect that has to present between the employees of PC Solutions because the employees can be hired from another organization. That means an employee who will come from another organization may face few cultural issues because different organizations have different cultural aspects as commented by Noruzy et al. (2013). Sources of Resistance in Changing and Developing and a Plan along with Implementing Recommended Changes Source of Resistance Recommendation for change Time Frame Insecurity Assuring the employees by providing good rewards as well as increase the salary of the employees who are very effective with their activities for increasing the organizational growth. Economic Losses Assuring the employees who think that they will terminate due to the economic losses of the organization by providing them proper training with experienced trainers. Threats for influencing Influence the employees who are confused about the newly implemented system by providing appropriate and relevant information. Possibility of Social Loss Assuring the employees who though negative about the social activities by summarizing all the organizational cultural aspects under the same roof. Poor Communication and Trust Removing the communication issues by maintaining good communication training as well as provide the significant task to a group for the collaborative job for increasing the trust. Implementing new technology Providing proper training to the employees who dont have sufficient knowledge about the to be implemented system for minimizing their fears. Fear of termination Assure all the employees to reduce their fear who are efficient with their designated job roles by promoting them as well as provide important tasks to do. Table 2: Sources of Resistance and Recommendation for Change (Source: As created by the Author) Recommended Leadership Role The major objective of Leadership is to help in maximizing the organizational efficiency for achieving the designated targets as well as goals of the organization as commented by Ertureten, Cemalcilar and Aycan (2013). There are five important types of leadership are: Transformational Transactional Participative Laissez-Faire Autocratic As per the identified issues by Frank Wallace, Transformational Leadership is recommended to him for resolving as well as changing existing organizational facilities. It is necessary to mention that, Frank can be helped by adopting transformational leadership because transformational leadership is very helpful in: Figure 1: Transformational Leadership (Source: Dunn, Dastoor and Sims 2012) Creating impressive organizational vision: The vision of PC Solution can be improvised if the founder of PC Solution adopts the transformational leadership style because this type of leadership style is very helpful for clarify the designated vision with the existing market situation. It is necessary to mention that, the visions that are developed after adopting the transformational leadership style is more effective for increasing the organizational growth along with satisfying the customers. Motivating the employees: Frank can motivate the employees by adopting transformational leadership because this type of leadership is able to create a positive impact on the employees for concentrating on their designated job responsibilities. On the other hand, Frank can handle the situations that occur due to the collision of cultural aspects Building a strong relationship between the employees: Transformational Leadership style is highly helpful for focusing the attention on the employees of the organization as well as helping them for achieving the designated organizational targets and goals as opined by Khan, Asghar and Zaheer (2014). Therefore, Frank Wallace can be helpful for building a strong relationship between the employees as well as the trust will be increased. On the other hand, the confidence level will also increase, and that is very helpful for satisfy the customers according to their needs. Conclusion As conclusion, it can be said that, the existing organizational situation of PC Solutions is highly effective for increasing the organizational growth. However, the customer satisfaction is decreasing in these days. The major issue of PC Solution is the cultural variation of the working employees. Therefore, the recommendations are briefly discussed for mitigating the cultural aspect issues. On the other hand, the strengths as well as the weaknesses are identified in this assignment for comparing the existing situation with the future scope of PC Solutions. Lastly, the sources of resistance are also disclosed in this assignment as well as the major reasons for the raising of the sources of resistances are also figured out in this assignment for recommending the way of implementation of the recommended changes within the organization. Moreover, the transformational leadership style is suggested to the founder of PC Solutions for increasing the satisfaction of the customers with the growth of the organization. Reference List Anderson, N., Poto nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations a state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework.Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of business ethics,116(2), pp.433-440. Cresswell, K. and Sheikh, A., 2013. Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), pp.e73-e86. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Dunn, M.W., Dastoor, B. and Sims, R.L., 2012. Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural perspective.Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,4(1), p.45. Ertureten, A., Cemalcilar, Z. and Aycan, Z., 2013. The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes.Journal of business ethics,116(1), pp.205-216. Fugate, M., Prussia, G.E. and Kinicki, A.J., 2012. Managing employee withdrawal during organizational change the role of threat appraisal.Journal of Management,38(3), pp.890-914. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of Business Research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Greenberg, J. ed., 2013.Organizational behavior: The state of the science. Routledge. Khan, S., Asghar, M. and Zaheer, A., 2014. Influence of leadership style on employee job satisfaction and firm financial performance: a study of banking sector in Islamabad, Pakistan.  , (5), pp.374-384. Kolb, D.A., 2014.Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V.M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. and Rezazadeh, A., 2013. Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,64(5-8), pp.1073-1085. Patiar, A.K. and Wang, Y., 2016. The effects of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on hotel departmental performance.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(3). Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A.L. and Brnnback, M., 2015. Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.54-74. Safi, M.H., Mohamadi, F., Amouzadeh, I. and Arshi, S., 2016. The Relationship between ManagerLeadership Style with Job Satisfaction and Burnout in Staff of Shomal Health Center of Tehran.Community Health,2(2), pp.88-97. Von Krogh, G., Nonaka, I. and Rechsteiner, L., 2012. Leadership in organizational knowledge creation: a review and framework.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.240-277. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

To what extent did the Cold War shaped the US relations with Latin America

Table of Contents A case study of Central American in 1980s The US and Nicaragua The US and El Salvador The US and Guatemala Summary Conclusion Reference A case study of Central American in 1980s After the Second World War the relationship between the US and Soviet Union was changed from anti Nazi partners to latent enemies. But because of the nuclear threats from both sides, the possibility of a real battle became very small and a new form of cold war known as the competition between military, economies, politics, diplomacy, ideology and so on started.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent did the Cold War shaped the US relations with Latin America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the cold war both sides were trying to gain more international influence and power, so foreign policy became especially important. In term of the US and Latin America relation had changed a lot because of it. This essay is going to talk detailed about those changes and focus on countries like EI Salvadorï ¼Å'Nicaragua and Guatemala . During the Second World War the partnership relation between US and Latin American was very good and strong. For example, in the first two years of the war most Latin America countries were neutral as US, after US joining the war they stopped diplomacy with those fascism countries and claimed war against them Mexico and Brazil even sent troops to fight with US. Other Latin American countries also had done a lot to provide many material supports to US (Zhu 2002 p19). After the war although US did a lot to deepen its influence in economic, political and military terms but because its interventions anti US sense was popular in those Latin American people. In 1959, the Cuba victory pushed this sense to a very high level and rang the alarm to US. In 1960, US have changed a lot of its attitude to Latin America. The reasons are on one hand, the great fear to the Soviet Union catch up and expansion, on the other hand the fear of Cuba bring communism domino effect to the Latin America countries and finally surrounded by the red empire (Priestland 2010 p48). From 1960, US launched a lot of actions to suppress communism and gain its power in Latin America. Firstly, the long term actions toward Cuba to intervene and subvert the communism government. One thing should notice is it was not an independent movement but a collective one, countries like Dominica and Guatemala also involved. (Priestland 2010 p48). The relationships between the US and Latin American countries divided into clear branches. Secondly, ideology competition with communism accompanied with military actions. This movement was trying to reconcile the relationship through ideology penetration and economic aid and at the same time defeat the communism ideologically and physically. (Zhu 2002 p26) But outcomes are not all good as predicted because these ideologies also raised disputes betw een the US and authoritarian regimes in Latin America.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, mainly after the 1980s besides dollar diplomacy to Latin American, the US gave more concentration to Central America and Caribbean area as their most urgent task and changed their military and political strategy to a low intensity one. Nicaragua and EI Salvador can be good examples to understand the policy. (Priestland 2010 p51) Nicaragua is quite different from other communism country, the reform of the Sandinistas was relatively soft and did not rose much class conflicts maybe partly because the avaricious Somoza regime that only the Somoza family owned 20% of the country’s cultivable land. (Skidmore Smith 2005 p386)And also the Sandinistas’ different attitudes to capitalist countries relatively friendly and their nonaligned foreign policy make sure at the ver y beginning of 1980 its relationship with US was not bad, it was still able to get financial help from US (Priestland 2010 p51). But the implement of the Reagan doctrine changed the situation. US started to sanction Nicaragua economically and politically and fostering any anti Sandinista force to subvert the communism government (Skidmore and Smith 2005 p387-388). The action was brutal almost 1% of the population died in the contra war. Combine with many other factor it finally lead the Sandinista lost the election to weak but pro US candidate (Priestland 2010 p60). In the EI Salvador case, even under very much domestic pressure, US had not stopped its military intervention. Unit any possible force within Latin American, gave economic aid and sent military advisor to support anti communism regime. (Nigel 1990 p103) Many criticisms had put Vietnam label on this time. This led to 12 years civil war responsible for more than 75,000 deaths (Skidmore and Smith 2010 p388). But the US atti tudes changed from purge to negotiation. Partly because the reform nature and the popularity among people of the FMLN or partly the weakening soviet power, two conflict regime under supervision of US finally ceased fire and lead the EI Salvador to a direction to democracy (Nigel 1990 p105). But the American influence seemed hard to get rid of, even in 2004 when the election seems to be a victory of FMLN, American warned right wing with possibility of economic and political sanctions (Skidmore Smith2010 p385). After persuading the Latin American countries with conciliatory policies before the World War II, Roosevelt’s administration had hoped to rally the Latin American countries to cooperate in defending the region. However, during the World War II and after the war, these nations found international military, political and economic relations with communist countries especially with the Soviet Union. After the World War II, the US had problems containing the spread of commun ism in Latin American countries. The US policymakers attempted to control radicalism of social change as they argued that the US was encouraging the spread of democracy in these countries. It was difficult curbing the spread of communism and sometimes the US was forced to support undemocratic regimes like that of Anastasio Samoza of Nicaragua.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent did the Cold War shaped the US relations with Latin America? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If at all the United States wished to record any improvements with regard to the alliance it was enjoying with Latin America, the Kennedy administration deemed it necessary to take on board Nicaragua and President Anastasio in all the ensuing economic development programs. In the 1970s, the Marxist left demonstrated its unwavering support for both Cuba and the Soviet Union, in addition to the desire to create communist regimes in Guat emala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. This implied that the Soviet Union was expanding power and spreading its communist ideology in America’s backyard. However, there was sharp division in the Reagan’s administration as conservatives wanted the Marxist left to be defeated while liberals feared another Vietnam-like war between the US and; El Salvador and Guatemala and therefore they did not support any military aid to anticommunist governments or rebel forces. The US and Nicaragua The US used the Central Intelligence Agency to achieve most of its ambitions in these countries. In Nicaragua, between 1981 and 1990, particularly in the Reagan’s administration, the CIA carried out several activities to destabilize the government of Nicaragua. They planted mines in harbors mainly those used by the civilians and also sunk civilian ships. They aided and trained the major rebel group in Nicaragua, the Contras Guerilla Insurgency which had its base in Honduras. The Contras i nsurgents waged guerilla war on the government and also carried out serious human rights abuse such as murder, torture, rape, kidnappings, arson among others aimed at destabilizing the government and eventually topple it and taking over power (The Catholic Institute for International Relations 11). They even destroyed social amenities like health care centers and also assassinated the health care workers. According to Leogrande the CIA created the Unilaterally Controlled Latino Assets (UCLAs) group in 1983 to help the US in sabotaging ports, bridges, refineries. This was part of the US deception strategy so that these activities would be perceived to be Contras sabotage activities. (Leogrande 1993 p340) The UCLA was responsible for the mining of the Nicaraguan harbors that saw many Nicaraguan boats sink and several foreign vessels damaged in January 1984 (Gilbert 1988 p167).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to the ratification of the Boland Amendment which barred the provision of arms support to the Contras insurgents (Gilbert 1988 pI67). The amendment criminalized under the US law the supply of arms to any militant group. However, this did not stop the Reagan’s administration from supporting the Contras militants. Instead the hatched the Iran-Contra Plan which enabled them supply the Contras insurgents with arms. The US had initially supported the Sandinista-dominated regime by providing economic assistance. US even helped the regime to take over power from the Samoza regime which was also doctorial. On the other hand, the United States government had to withhold its financial support when the conflict in Salvador came into the light. Moreover, private diplomatic contacts had to be engaged by the US government in a bid to try and persuade the government in Nicaragua to suspend its apparent subversion (Wenchi 2002 p34). The US government also put economic sanctions on N icaragua and even supported Nicaragua’s neighbors against Nicaraguan aggression. In 1984, Nicaragua held presidential elections during the state of emergency that was meant to curb the Contras insurgents as well as the CIA-orchestrated bombings. The election was won by President Daniel Ortega. This government now leaned more towards the communist world and relied on the Central Committee of the Communist Party for approval of its activities (Kriele 1986 p56). The US government maintained its arms support to the Contras insurgents so as to pressure the Nicaraguan government to revert its relations with the communist bloc (Kriele 1986 p57). It also made regulations that required that any non governmental organization to submit its public statements to the Censorship Bureau before making it public (Chamorro 1988 p23). The continued insurgency by the Contras militants through the US support destabilized the Nicaraguan government and was finally overthrown in 1990 (Chamorro 1988 p 25). The US and the Contras militants forced the Sandinistas to agree to elections which were finally held in 1990 and saw the end of the Sandinistas regime as the election was won by the opposition despite Ortega having used all the resources available and the power he possessed (Chamorro 1988 p27). The US and El Salvador In contrast, the US supported the Salvadoran military government against the insurgents from the left-wing militia during this time that it supported insurgents in fighting Nicaragua (Burgerman 1998 p272). During the Salvadoran Civil War which was between the Salvadoran military government and the Farabundo Martà ­ National Liberation Front (FMLN) which comprised of five left-wing militias; the US provided arms and economic support to the Salvadoran government and also protected the centrist Christian Democrats as well. The centrist Christian Democrats were the target of death squads which existed in Latin America (Francesca 2007 p32). In addition, even within th e security forces in Salvador, divisions were apparent, with one part of the force affiliated to the reformists and the other part affiliated to the right-wing extremists. In an attempt to prevent the occurrence of an economic or political revolution, right-wing extremists had to rely on the death squad. According to Francesca Carter’s administration had to intervene again and again to prevent right-wing coups, while Reagan’s administration had to constantly threaten the right-wing extremists with aid suspension so that they could put an end to their killings and acts of violence. (Francesca 2007 p32) The US was determined to help El Salvador to overcome its bloody fighting since it wanted to ensure that the government did not lean towards the communist regime and that it achieved democracy. Consequently, following many years of involvement in the civil war, it was time now for the US military to intervene and attempt to assist the government contain the insurgence. As a result, the rebels had no choice but to concede defeat. Since the US wanted the Salvadoran government to commit itself to democratic rule, it threatened the Salvadoran government with aid suspension unless it considered democratic transformations which the government accepted. This led to the promulgation of a new constitution, reforms in the armed forces and establishment of the civilian police force. The new constitution guaranteed free and fair political participation and prompted the transformation of FMLN from a militia group to a political party and its members granted amnesty. These transformations enabled the Salvadoran government achieve democratic and peaceful environment. The US and Guatemala Guatemala was and is still characterized by dictatorial rule and repressive military activities. US provided military aid as well as training to Guatemala’s army in the 1960s and 1970s with an aim of helping it transform its army to be able to counter-insurgency forces (Bur german 1998 p256). This was the origin of the death squads in Latin America. Government officials, army leaders and all those who supported the death squads had some close attachments with the US government. The US’s objective was to establish a counterinsurgency base against revolutions which could destabilize the activities of US corporations and US landowners in Guatemala. The US used the CIA and the Guatemalan military to terrorize and eliminate guerillas, labor leaders, professionals and any other person who advocated to for revolution in the system of governance (Brody 1985 p71). The CIA provided training for the army, the police and the death squads and also provided arms support. However, in 1970s, public reports revealed the Guatemalan military torture and killings which propelled human rights activists in the US to protest against the human rights abuse in Guatemala (Burgerman 1998 p267). As a result, President Jimmy Carter halted open military aid to Guatemala in 1 977. Military aid still continued through the CIA which still supported the atrocities committed by the military and the death squad in the President Lucas Garcia which began in 1978 (Burgerman 1998 p263). This regime set out to eliminate popular leaders in Guatemala. The 1980s saw more repression and massacre of the native communities by the Guatemalan military supported by the US through the CIA (Burgerman 1998 p262). Again reports revealed the military violations of human rights in Guatemala which made President Reagan to change his open aid policy to Guatemala and to apply the controversial two-track policy. The Reagan administration supported the military oppression in Guatemala while in public; it made pronouncements which supported human rights and the rule law in Guatemala. The US government still relied on the CIA to liaise with the Guatemalan security forces. The US government did not intervene in the coup and the dictatorial rule of General Efrain Rios Montt which occurre d between 1982 and 1983 (Burgerman 1998 p259). He killed and tortured Indians and those who survived escaped to Mexico. He used deception strategies to establish concentration camps for those who had survived the political genocides that had earlier been carried by the government and used the concentration camps to eliminate them. His activities against the purported insurgents gave President Reagan the advantage to resume military support to Guatemala arguing that Montt’s counterinsurgency on the guerillas was working. CIA and the Guatemalan military activities did not even stop in President Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo’s regime who was elected in the in December, 1985 (Burgerman 1998 p268). The CIA still provided assistance to the military in its repressive activities. Towards the end of Reagan’s administration, the government invented a new method for eliminating the indigenous Guatemalan population. The Guatemalan government supported by the US government sprayed toxic herbicides using the anti-drug helicopters (Burgerman 1998 p269). This caused the death of many people, animals and plants. Those who had fled to remote areas in Guatemala were either killed through the bombings that were carried out in these areas or captured in the pretext of the fight against drugs by applying its anti-drug policy. Those who were captured were tortured and killed. The Bush administration also continued with Reagan’s two-track policy. In 1989, the Bush administration sent humanitarian aid to Guatemala particularly in areas most occupied by the guerilla movements. This was to convince the public that it supported human rights while the National Guard units which had been sent to provide medical services did more interrogation than provision of medical services. An American businessman, Michael Devine, was kidnapped and killed in 1990 for having information on Guatemalan military’s drug-trafficking activities. Although President Bush publicly ann ounced an end to Guatemalan military aid, his administration continued to support the Guatemalan military through the CIA. The activities of the US in Guatemala were driven by the need to protect the United Fruit Company among many other US investments in Guatemala as well as its trade with Guatemala. This company owned about 42% of Guatemala’ land and in addition, the company was exempted from taxes as well as import duties (Burgerman 1998 p266). Most of those who were involved in this company were in the US ruling circles. This is arguably the reason as to why the US supported the authoritarian regime in Guatemala which was renewed by the inauguration of President Reagan in 1981 while on contrary; they fought the authoritarian right-wing regime in Nicaragua. Summary The US relation with Nicaragua was the most conspicuous among Central American countries (Burgerman 1998 p273). The US relations with Guatemala and El Salvador were the exact opposite of its relations with Nicar agua. While the US government supported the Salvadoran and Guatemalan governments against insurgency forces, it openly supported insurgent forces against the Nicaraguan government. Carter’s administration tried to influence the new government which entered power in 1980 through economic assistance for emergency aid and reconstruction. However, Reagan entered power in 1981; he halted all the economic support to Nicaragua since Nicaragua pursued communist ideology. Economic sanctions as well as trade embargo were imposed on Nicaragua in 1985 and even convinced Nicaragua’s neighbors to impose trade embargo on Nicaragua. The US government went to the extent of lobbying the World Bank and the IDB against providing loans to Nicaragua. CIA activities included bombings of the transportation and storage facilities such as pipelines, oil tanks as well as launching helicopter assaults on its mining harbors among other activities. According to Burgerman, the US Congress later on r eversed its ban on provision of military support to the Contras militants in 1986 to provide military assistance approximately US$100 million. (Burgerman 1998 p273). Conclusion The US policymakers were very much concerned about the US’s national security especially after the World War II and therefore set out to expand its power and influence in Latin America. It was necessary for them to overcome global political and economic instability, and these are issues that presented a lot of risks to its prosperity and security. To them, the Soviet Union was the source of the economic and political instabilities that they were faced with. The US intervention in any given country was determined by its national interest and ideology and was based on liberalism, its mission and anti-communism. As a result of the cold war the US was desperately trying to gain power and influences in Latin American. And this was showed to the world by the agreement between the US and Soviet Union about re cognizing Latin America as the US’s sphere of influence. Based on different features and conditions of different Latin American countries, US had made different measures and policies to achieve its goal in different time. Different policies have different outcome and impact, and then lead to different effect on bilateral relation among different countries or with one country at different time, so the cold war to a very big extent shaped and influenced the relation between American and Latin America. Reference Brody, Reed. Contra Terror in Nicaragua. Boston: South End Press, 1985. Print. Burgerman, Susan. Making Peace Perform in War-Transition Countries: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Boston: South End Press, 1998. Print. Chamorro, Cardenal. La Prensa, A Republic of Paper: Freedom House. New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Inc, 1988. Print. Francesca, Davis. El Salvador in Pictures. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books, 2007. Print. Gilbert, Dennis. Sandinis tas: the party and the revolution. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Print. Kriele, Martin. Nicaragua: Das blutende Herz Amerikas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. Print. Leogrande, Leonard. Making the Economy Scream: US economic sanctions against Sandinista Nicaragua. Third World Quarterly,17.2(1993). Nigel, Thomas. Central America WAR 1959-1989. London: Osprey publishing Ltd, 1990. Print. Priestland, David. The Red Flag. London: Penguin books press, 2010. Print. Skidmore, Smith. Modern Latin America. London: Oxford university press, 2005. Print. The Catholic Institute for International Relations. Right to Survive: Human Rights in  Nicaragua. London: The Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1987. Print. Wenchi, Zhu, The communism movement in Latin America. Beijing: DangDaiShiJie Press, 2002. Print. This essay on To what extent did the Cold War shaped the US relations with Latin America? was written and submitted by user Paula Bartlett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business Management Essays - Human Resource Management, Free Essays

Business Management Essays - Human Resource Management, Free Essays Business Management Task: Choose a company and identify all motivational (employee-centered) programs that the company has in place. Then ascertain the significance and objectives of these programs. Next provide a critique of these programs. Finally, recommend changes that will improve on the programs and/or new programs that will better meet the objectives articulated above. Overview: The company that I have chosen as the subject of my research is the AAA Travel Agency. More specifically, I have interviewed several travel agents from the Reno, Pennsylvania location, which serves patrons from Western Pennsylvania as well as West Virginia. The bulk of the information for my analysis has come directly from the in-office interviews with Ms. Tiffany Pacior, the senior travel agent for the Reno office. She has provided me with information directly out of the AAA employee handbook as well as personal information covering the positive and negative effects she has experienced from the programs I will be discussing. There can be little doubt that the backbone of every successful business or company is its staff of employees. Employees are the vital parts of the business machine that can aid in its success or contribute to its failure. It is for this reason that it is imperative to possess the ability to acquire and maintain effective employees. The chief method by which a business or company can accomplish this task is through employee-centered motivational programs. The goal of these programs is to encourage employees to maximize their performance by targeting three specific motivational stimuli. These include morale, satisfaction, and rewards. After researching their policies and interviewing employees, I have came to the conclusion that AAA of Reno, Pennsylvania has adopted Fredrick Taylors approach to motivating their employees. In this paper I will demonstrate how AAA applies Taylors scientific management approach to target the three motivational stimuli stated above. I will also provide so me insight from the employees perspective as to how effective the programs are at what they are designed to achieve. The scientific management approach to motivation evolved from the work of Frederick Taylor. He believed that when highly productive people discover they are being compensated basically the same as less productive people, then the output of highly productive people will decrease. Consequently, the scientific management approach to motivation is based on the assumption that money is the primary motivator. This seems to be the ideology that AAA has adopted to produce high morale, achieve satisfaction, and reward their employees. Morale, as it applies here, may be defined as the overall feeling of the members of an organization. Generally speaking, a company with a high morale among its employees enjoys above average performance and a lower than average employee termination rate. AAA has several programs in practice, which support the scientific management approach to motivation to produce high morale. First, it is not uncommon for a travel agent to work beyond the scheduled forty-hour workday to complete the tasks of a heavy business day. It was for this reason that the company offers overtime compensation for the dedication of their employees. The company pays one and a half times their regular hourly rate of pay when an agent works more than their scheduled hours per week. Also, for those individual days when an agent works more than ten hours per day, they are entitled to overtime dinner pay. The employees stressed that this is a worthwhile program because it allows overtime workers to order dinner from l ocal delivery shops. The objective here is simple, no one likes to work on an empty stomach and so why not use a little give and take to make the employees feel like they are not being taken advantage of. It has proven to be effective from the opinions of the employees I interviewed. The final program I was made aware of designed to bolster company morale is the paid time off program. This allows employees to take time off from their work for various reasons and to be regularly paid as if they were working for that period of time. Acceptable reasons for this privilege cover a wide spectrum including personal vacation, minor illness, funeral leave, jury duty, holidays, military leave, and marriage. Ms. Pacior explained that although these programs

Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate Essay Outline1 4.1INTRODUCTION2 4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES3 Chapter 24 5.THEORY A ; METHOLOGY5 5.1PRINCIPLE OF THE EXPERIMENT6 5.2APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS7 Mortar and pestle Conical flasksWhite tile8 Filter funnelFiltter paper25.00 cm3 pipette9 5.3CHEMICAL USED10 2 M HCl Phenolphthalein11 2 M NaOH12 5.4PROCEDURE13 Chapter 314 6.EXPERIMENTAL Consequence15 6.1THE COLOR CHANGE OF THE SOLUTION16 6.2THE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN EGG17 6.3THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE EGG18 119 220 321 Volume of eggshells solution/cm322 25.0023 25.0024 25.0025 Volume of NaOH used/cm326 20.4027 20.3528 20.0029 Chapter 430 7.CLCULATIONS31 7.1CALCULATIONS32 7.1.1 FOR BROWN EGG33 7.1.2 FOR WHITE EGG34 Chapter 535 8.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUTION36 8.1CONCLUSION37 8.2DISCUSSION38 Beginning of mistakes39 9. Reference 4.1INTRODUCTION Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is found in nature giving hardness and strength to things such as seashells, stones, and eggshells. Equally difficult as this substance is, it will respond readily with hydrochloric acid to give C dioxide gas ( and two other merchandises ) . In this experiment pupils will plan an experiment by responding eggshells with 2 M HCl to compare the Ca carbonate composing of white ( poulet ) eggshells to brown eggshells. A good quality eggshell will incorporate, on norm, 2.2 gms of Ca in the signifier of Ca carbonate. Approximately 94 % of a dry eggshell is calcium carbonate and has a typical mass of 5.5 grams,1 although these values can differ depending on beginnings. Sums every bit low as 78 % have been published. The staying mass is composed mostly of P and Mg, and hint sums of Na, K, Zn, manganese, Fe, and Cu. In the instance of brown versus white eggs, a unequivocal difference in Ca carbonate sums may be difficult to bring out. However, see this. The colour of the eggs is nil more than a consequence of a different strain. The quality, nutritionary value, and gustatory sensation are indistinguishable between white and brown eggs, though two noteworthy differences are size and monetary value. Brown eggs are normally larger and somewhat more expensive. The ground for the monetary value addition is because brown eggs come from larger biddies, which need to be fed more nutrient daily. With a larger c onsumption of Ca each twenty-four hours, one might anticipate the produced egg to hold a higher Ca carbonate content. However, since the eggs are larger, it must be kept in head that the Ca is spread over a larger surface country during egg formation. A brown eggshell s increased inclination to interrupt, when compared to white, is frequently attributed to this â€Å"thinning out† of Ca during deposition. To avoid the breakage of eggs before making market, the eggshells needs to be every bit strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is chiefly determined by the per centum of Ca carbonate in it. In order to supervise the quality of eggshells, the undermentioned experiment has to be done to find the per centum of Ca carbonate in eggshells.In this experiment, back titration is used. First, extra acid is reacted with the Ca carbonate in eggshells. 2HCl ( aq ) +CaCO3 ( s ) >CaCl2 ( aq ) +H2O ( cubic decimeter ) +CO2 ( g ) Subsequently, if we can happen out the figure of mole of unreacted acid, figure of mole of Ca carbonate can so be found out. The figure of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the undermentioned reaction. HCl ( aq ) +NaOH ( aq ) >H2O ( cubic decimeter ) +NaCl ( aq ) Percentage by mass of Ca carbonate in eggshell can so be calculated by the undermentioned expression: 4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The intent of this experiment is to find the per centum by mass of Ca carbonate in eggshells. READ: I would remind you that extremism in the defense o Essaydesign an experiment that quantifies the sum of Ca carbonate nowadays in a natural substance. associate the sum of a reactant or merchandise of a chemical reaction to another reactant or merchandise. work collaboratively with their equals to work out a given job in the research lab in a manner that theoretical accounts the scientific method. use a common acid reaction between hydrochloric acid and the carbonate ion. Chapter 2 5.THEORY A ; METHOLOGY 5.1PRINCIPLE OF THE EXPERIMENT During this experiment, the per centum of CaCO3 in an eggshell is determined by responding the eggshell with hydrochloric acid. The equation for this reaction is: 2HCl ( aq ) + CaCO3 ( s ) >Ca2+ ( aq ) + CO2 ( g ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) + 2Cl- ( aq ) This reaction can non be used straight titrate with the CaCO3. Alternatively, an surplus of hydrochloric acid is added to fade out the eggshell, and the staying acid is titrated with NaOH solution to find the sum of acid that did non respond with the eggshell. The equation used to find the sum of remnant acid is: HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) > H2O ( cubic decimeter ) + Na+ ( aq ) + Cl- ( aq ) 5.2APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS eaker Pipette FillerElectronicbalance Volumetric flaskBuretteWash bottle Mortar and pestle Conical flasksWhite tile Filter funnelFiltter paper25.00 cm3 pipette 5.3CHEMICAL USED 2 M HCl Phenolphthalein 2 M NaOH 5.4PROCEDURE White and Red coloring material eggshells have taken and the protein membrane was removed on the interior of the eggshells. The eggshell was washed with distilled H2O Dried in an oven for few proceedingss. The eggshell was so grounded into all right pulverization by howitzer and stamp. 2g of eggshell pulverization is weighted accurately by utilizing an electronic balance and it was transferred to a conelike flask. 25.00 cm3 of HCl was pipetted to fade out the eggshell pulverization. Distilled H2O was added to the flask until it reached about 100cm3. The flask was swirled gently. Put the solution into cubed for two yearss. Faltered the solution utilizing filter documents. Pippet out 25.00 cm3 from each solutions to titration flasks. The solution was so titrated with standardised NaOH. Repeat another two samples from each solution. Roll up the right burette readings at the terminal point. Chapter 3 6.EXPERIMENTAL Consequence 6.1THE COLOR CHANGE OF THE SOLUTION White egg Brown egg Colourless pink Colourless pink 6.2THE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.10 19.90 20.10 Average volume of NaOH used: ( 20.10+19.90+20.10 ) = 20.03cm33 6.3THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.40 20.35 20.00 *Average volume of NaOH used: ( 20.40+20.35+20.00 ) =20.25cm33 Chapter 4 7.CLCULATIONS 7.1CALCULATIONS 2HCl ( aq ) + CaCO3 ( s ) >Ca2+ ( aq ) + CO2 ( g ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) + 2Cl- ( aq ) HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) > H2O ( cubic decimeter ) + Na+ ( aq ) + Cl- ( aq ) 7.1.1 FOR BROWN EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to respond with HCl =20.03cm3 /1000 ) X2M = 40.06X 10-3 mol Since figure of moles of NaOH = figure of moles of HCl in 25cm3 =40.06 X 10-3 mol HCl mols in 100cm3 = 40.06 Ten 10-3 Ten 4 mol The initial no of moles of HCl: volume X molar concentration = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to respond with CaCO3 = ( 200X10-3 160.24X 10-3 ) mol = 39.76X10-3 mol Harmonizing to the equation, one mole of HCI required to respond with 2 moles of CaCO3, Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =39.76X10- 3 /2 = 19.88X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19.88X10-3g X100g The % of CaCO3 in eggshell ( brown ) = ( 1.988/2 ) X100 % =99.4 % 7.1.2 FOR WHITE EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to respond with HCl: ( 20.25cm3/1000 ) X2 = 40.50X10-3mol Since figure of moles of NaOH=number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 = 4.50X10-3mol HCl Volume in 100cm3 = 40.50 X10-3 X4 mol The initial moles of HCl: volume X molar concentration = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to respond with CaCO3: ( 200X10-3 162X10-3 ) mol = 38X10-3 mol Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =38X10-3/2 = 19X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19X10-3g X100 The % of CaCO3 in eggshell ( white ) = ( 1.9/2 ) X100 % =95.0 % Chapter 5 8.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUTION 8.1CONCLUSION Percentage of CaCO3 in ruddy eggshells= 99.4 % Percentage of CaCO3 in white eggshells= 95.0 % Therefore ruddy eggshells has the higher per centum of CaCO3. 8.2DISCUSSION Beginning of mistakes The eggshell pulverization did non fade out wholly Variation in ocular judgement at the terminal point Instrumental mistakes of the electronic balance The eggshell was non to the full dried Some droplets of solution may still adhere on the beaker and the glass rod which lead to the decrease in figure of moles of extra HCl In this Experiment we can besides make the EDTA titration. 9. Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.lk/search? hl=en A ; source=hp A ; q=caco3+percentage+in+eggshell A ; btnG=Google+Search A ; meta= A ; aq=f A ; oq= hypertext transfer protocol: //wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1102/Egg.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Determine-Percentage-Mass-Calcium-Carbonate-Eggshells/165593 hypertext transfer protocol: //ag.ansc.purdue.edu/poultry/multistate/koelkebeck1.htm